Flying with ice: proficiency review

Winter is quickly approaching so I did some review in flying with icing. Whether you're equipped with TKS, FIKI, or nothing, proficiency and knowledge is as important with icing, if not more, than nay other aviation weather phenomena. Especially after a long, warm, summer, when we haven't had much exposure, review is super important.

This is super condensed.

Most dangerous is 0c to -20c in cb, 0 to -15 in stratus. Watch OAT like a hawk when IMC.
Keep flaps up if icing occurred
With no deicing equipment, work on getting out of ice at first sign
Don't use autopilot when picking up ice, it will mask effects
Land 10 to 20 kts above normal, no flaps, long runway
Use extreme caution when maneuvering to land with icing: shallow banks, high airspeed
Watch for airspeed drop at cruise. 10kts drop is serious sign of icing. is it induction icing (lower rpm?) or structural icing (increased drag?) alt air, carb heat..
Ice occurs on prop first, tail second, wings third. So by the time you see ice on wings, prop and tail are already in far worse shape.
Icing cannot occur in temps > 0C. But if it's already formed, you have to go to much warmer temps to shed it. It will shed extremely slowly at +1C.
Do not climb too steeply to get out of ice, the high aoa will pick up even more ice.
In icing, tail is likely to stall before wings. recognize difference between tail stall and wing stall. In tail stall, the nose also pitches down, but the wings are still creating lift so it will feel more like runaway pitch trim. To recover: you pull nose up, reduce power, raise flaps.
Ice is worst in the top of the cloud, so if you start picking up ice on the bottom in climb, it will only get worse. If you're approaching higher clouds, request higher altitude early on from ATC, don't skim the cloud tops with late climb out.
Freezing rain means there is warmer air above (else it wouldn't be liquid), so climb may be best option.
Remember to check pireps and icing report during winter weather briefing and request en-route updates from ATC. Even if ATC has no pireps, other pilots may hear you and give real time updates.

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